自动更新主要下面4个步骤
- 获取最新版本号
- 提示用户发现更新,等待用户确认更新
- 下载最新的apk包
- 安装apk包
下面从创建MAUI项目开始
1、创建Maui Blazor Server应用
2、安装Masa.Blazor,并添加引用
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| dotnet add package Masa.Blazor
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在 wwwroot/index.html 中引入资源文件
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| <link href="https://masa-blazor-docs-dev.lonsid.cn/_content/Masa.Blazor/css/masa-blazor.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.masastack.com/npm/@mdi/font@5.x/css/materialdesignicons.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.masastack.com/npm/materialicons/materialicons.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.masastack.com/npm/fontawesome/v5.0.13/css/all.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.masastack.com/stack/fonts/roboto/font-roboto.css">
<script src="_content/BlazorComponent/js/blazor-component.js"></script>
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在 _Imports.razor 添加,对Masa Blazor 的全局引用
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| @using Masa.Blazor @using BlazorComponent
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在MauiProgram.cs中注入服务
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| builder.Services.AddMasaBlazor();
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修改Shared / MainLayout.razor文件,设置MApp为根元素
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| @inherits LayoutComponentBase
<div class="page"> <div class="sidebar"> <NavMenu /> </div> <main> <div class="top-row px-4"> <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/aspnet/" target="_blank">About</a> </div> <article class="content px-4"> <MApp>@Body</MApp> </article> </main> </div>
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项目属性中修改-已共享MAUI-中的应用程序ID及版本
3、开始编写代码
创建Service目录,添加IUpgradeService.cs接口
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| namespace MauiMasaBlazorDemo.Service { public interface IUpgradeService { Task<Dictionary<string, string>> CheckUpdatesAsync(string url);
Task DownloadFileAsync(string url, Action<long, long> action);
void InstallNewVersion(); } }
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这里需要使用到 FileProvider,在Android 7之后出于安全考虑不再支持content://URL 或file:///URL这种文件访问方式,可参考FileProvider | Android Developers ,我们先添加一下对应配置
在Platforms/Android/Resources下面新建xml文件夹,并添加provider_paths.xml文件
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <paths> <root-path name="root" path="" /> <files-path name="files" path="" /> <cache-path name="cache" path="" /> <external-path name="camera_photos" path="" /> <external-files-path name="external_file_path" path="" /> <external-cache-path name="external_cache_path" path="" /> </paths> </resources>
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修改Platforms / Android下面的AndroidManifest.xml文件,在application下添加provider,再添加一个安卓安装的权限REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/appicon" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/appicon_round" android:supportsRtl="true"> <provider android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider" android:authorities="com.masa.mauidemo.fileprovider" android:exported="false" android:grantUriPermissions="true"> <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/provider_paths" /> </provider> </application> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES" /> </manifest>
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在Platforms / Android下添加UpgradeService.cs
获取版本号可以通过MAUI提供的 VersionTracking,该类还有很多版本相关的功能,可参考
Version tracking - .NET MAUI | Microsoft Docs
Intent 是一种运行时绑定(run-time binding)机制,Android的三个基本组件 Activity,Service和Broadcast Receiver 都是通过Intent机制激活的,有兴趣可参考
Intent | Android Developers
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| using Android.Content; using Android.OS; using MauiMasaBlazorDemo.Service;
namespace MauiMasaBlazorDemo { public class UpgradeService : IUpgradeService { readonly HttpClient _client; public UpgradeService() { _client = new HttpClient(); } public async Task<Dictionary<string, string>> CheckUpdatesAsync(string url) { var result = new Dictionary<string, string>(); var currentVersion = VersionTracking.CurrentVersion; var latestVersion = await _client.GetStringAsync(url); result.Add("CurrentVersion", currentVersion); result.Add("LatestVersion", latestVersion); return result; }
public void InstallNewVersion() { var file = $"{FileSystem.AppDataDirectory}/{"com.masa.mauidemo.apk"}";
var apkFile = new Java.IO.File(file);
var intent = new Intent(Intent.ActionView); if (Build.VERSION.SdkInt >= BuildVersionCodes.N) { intent.SetFlags(ActivityFlags.GrantReadUriPermission); var uri = FileProvider.GetUriForFile(Android.App.Application.Context, "com.masa.mauidemo.fileprovider", apkFile); intent.SetDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive"); } else { intent.SetDataAndType(Android.Net.Uri.FromFile(new Java.IO.File(file)), "application/vnd.android.package-archive"); } intent.AddFlags(ActivityFlags.NewTask);
Android.App.Application.Context.StartActivity(intent); }
public async Task DownloadFileAsync(string url, Action<long, long> action) { var req = new HttpRequestMessage(new HttpMethod("GET"), url); var response = _client.SendAsync(req, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead).Result; var allLength = response.Content.Headers.ContentLength; var stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync(); var file = $"{FileSystem.AppDataDirectory}/{"com.masa.mauidemo.apk"}"; await using var fileStream = new FileStream(file, FileMode.Create); await using (stream) { var buffer = new byte[10240]; var readLength = 0; int length; while ((length = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0) { readLength += length; action(readLength, allLength!.Value); fileStream.Write(buffer, 0, length); } } } } }
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其中com.masa.mauidemo.apk 为安装文件apk的文件名称。
在MauiProgram.cs中添加注入,这里使用条件编译,在平台为Android时使用
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| #if ANDROID builder.Services.AddSingleton<IUpgradeService, UpgradeService>(); #endif
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在Pages中新增Index.razor.cs
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| using BlazorComponent; using Masa.Blazor; using MauiMasaBlazorDemo.Service; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
namespace MauiMasaBlazorDemo.Pages { public partial class Index { [Inject] public IPopupService PopupService { get; set; }
[Inject] private IUpgradeService UpgradeService { get; set; } private int Ps { get; set; }
private long TotalBytesToReceive { get; set; }
private long BytesReceived { get; set; }
private long _unReadMsgCnt = 0;
private bool _updateDialog; public async Task GetVersionNew() { var result = await UpgradeService.CheckUpdatesAsync($"https://你的域名/update.txt?t={DateTime.Now.ToUniversalTime().Ticks}"); if (result["CurrentVersion"] != result["LatestVersion"]) { var confirm = await PopupService.ConfirmAsync($"检测到新版本,是否升级", "版本号为:" + result["LatestVersion"]); if (confirm) { _updateDialog = true; await UpgradeService.DownloadFileAsync("https://你的域名/com.masa.mauidemo.apk", DownloadProgressChanged); UpgradeService.InstallNewVersion(); } } else { await PopupService.AlertAsync($"当前版本已经是最新版,版本号为:" + result["LatestVersion"], AlertTypes.Success); } }
private void DownloadProgressChanged(long readLength, long allLength) { InvokeAsync(() => { var c = (int)(readLength * 100 / allLength);
if (c > 0 && c % 5 == 0) { Ps = c; BytesReceived = readLength / 1024; TotalBytesToReceive = allLength / 1024; StateHasChanged(); } }); } } }
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修改Index.razor 添加按钮、确认对话框、进度条组件。Masa blazor是国内不多可以完美支持MAUI的blazor组件
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| @page "/" <MButton OnClick="GetVersionNew"> <MLabel>检查更新</MLabel> <MIcon>mdi-home</MIcon> </MButton> <div class="text-center"> <MDialog @bind-Value="_updateDialog" Width="500"> <ChildContent> <MCard> <MCardTitle Class="text-h5 grey lighten-2"> 正在更新请稍后... </MCardTitle> <MCardText> @BytesReceived KB/@TotalBytesToReceive KB <MProgressLinear Value="@Ps" Striped Height="15" Color="light-blue"> <strong>@Ps %</strong> </MProgressLinear> </MCardText> </MCard> </ChildContent> </MDialog> </div>
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4、项目打包、签名、发布
项目属性中修改Android包格式为Apk
命令行生成一个安卓签名证书(部分手机没有证书签名不允许安装),过程中会提示输入证书密码,密码要记住,其他随意填
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| keytool -genkey -v -keystore masa-maui-demo.keystore -alias key -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000
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项目属性,切换到-Android-包签名,勾选“APK签名”密钥存储选择刚刚生成的keystore文件,输入密钥“存储密码”和“别名密码”,这两个密码都填刚刚生成证书的密码,别名不设置的情况下,也需要输入别名密码,否则会在发布时提示“打包进程失败”。
解决方案配置中切换到Release,生成一下项目,然后右键项目名称-选择发布,发布0.0.1版本,发布过程会自动对apk进行签名
点右下角的打开文件夹,找到签名之后的apk文件,上传到阿里云OSS,同时再上传一个名为update.txt的文本文件,内容为“0.0.1”,这两个文件的地址就是GetVersionNew方法中的两个地址。
注意:
1、如果使用的下载apk的协议不是https,那么需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件 application 节点中添加 android:usesCleartextTraffic=”true”
2、如果是使用iis的话需要在MIEI中添加 MIME类型:
application/vnd.android.package-archive,否则apk文件无法下载
这样我们的自动升级功能就开发完毕了,如果程序新加了功能我们我们需要做:
1、修改项目的版本号,例如修改“应用程序显示版本”为0.0.2,应用程序版本:2
2、重新发布apk
3、上传到阿里云OSS,修改update.txt文件为0.0.2
下面为真机演示效果
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